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Path: >Home >Home & Garden >Glossary |
| "A" Frame Roof |
| A steep pitched gable roof, each slope extending from close to the ground line to meet at the top ridge. |
| "Common" Bricks |
| Bricks for internal walls, can be any colour. |
| (Plasterboard) Lining Paper |
| Special type of plain paper that lines both sides of a plasterboard sheet. |
| AMPCA |
| Australian Pre-Mixed Concrete Association; an association of progressive pre mixed concrete producers. |
| AWTA |
| AWTA is an abbreviation of the Australian Wool Testing Authority. |
| Abutment |
| Where the roof tiles meet a brick or timber structure rising above the roof. |
| Accelerator |
| A chemical which, when added to concrete shortens the time of set, or increases the rate of hardening or strength development. |
| Access road |
| A road that leads from a public road to a waste disposal site. |
| Accessory |
| A concrete or terracotta product used to finish the roof; including apex, ridge and barge tiles. |
| Active life |
| The period of operation beginning with the initial receipt of waste materials and ending at the completion of closure activities. |
| Admixture |
| A material other than water, aggregates and cement, used as an ingredient of concrete to alter its basic characteristic. |
| Aerobic |
| In the presence of oxygen. |
| Aggregate |
| Granular material such as sand, gravel, stone and slag, which when bound together by portland cement paste forms concrete. |
| Aggregate, Heavyweight |
| A heavier than normal aggregate such as barite, magnetite, limonite, ilemenite, iron or steel used to produce extra heavy concrete. |
| Aggregate, Lightweight |
| A lighter than normal expanded aggregate made from basic materials such as clay, slate, flyash, vermiculite, pumice or scoria used to produce lightweight concrete. |
| Air Entraining Agent |
| An admixture for concrete which causes air to be incorporated in the form of minute bubbles in the concrete during mixing, usually to increase its workability and frost resistance. Normally expressed as AEA. |
| Anti-Ponding Board |
| A lining of various materials, (galvanised iron, fibrous cement etc.), fixed along the eaves lines from the top of the fascia, back to the rafter with a clearance of 10 mm below the first batten. |
| Apex |
| The intersection of all ascending hips where they meet either a ridge or another ascending hip. Note: Also the name of a three-or-four-way fitting used to cover this point. |
| Apron Flashing |
| A one piece flashing, such as is used at the lower side of a chimney, penetrating a sloping roof. |
| Aquifer |
| Any soil or rock formation that has sufficient porosity and water yielding ability to permit the extraction or injection of water at reasonable useful rates. |
| Architrave |
| The moulded trim around the door or window opening that covers the joint between the frame and the wall. |
| Ashlar Limestone |
| Traditional Look Limestone with random-size blocks. |
| Australiana Finish |
| Bricks with a rolled finish. |
| Axle Load |
| The portion of the gross weight of a vehicle transmitted to a roadway through the wheels supporting a given axle. |
| BCA |
| BCA is an abbreviation of Building Code of Australia. |
| BTL |
| BTL is an abbreviation of Building Technology Limited (wholly owned by BRANZ). |
| Barge Board/Verge Board/Gable Board |
| A sloping board parallel with the pitch of the roof along a gable covering the ends of roof timbers. |
| Barge Course/Verge Course |
| The tiles next to the gable, which overhang it slightly. |
| Barkface Finish |
| Brick with bark texture finish. |
| Bastard Valley or Hip |
| A valley or hip formed in an abnormal or non-parallel line on which tiles are fixed. |
| Batch Plant |
| An installation of equipment including bins, batchers and/or mixers as required for batching or for batching and mixing concrete materials; also called mixing plant when equipment is included. |
| Battens |
| Selected sized timber fixed parallel to the eave line on which tiles are fixed. |
| Bead (adhesive) |
| Strip or thin line of adhesive. |
| Bedding |
| Composition of sand and cement for fixing ridge capping on hips and ridges. |
| Bellcast Batten |
| (Tilting batten) A batten fixed on the toe of the rafters in a vertical line with the plum cut, to keep the eaves course of tiles on the same rake as the other courses. (The fascia board generally serves this purpose.) |
| Bond |
| The system of aligning tiles on the roof in relationship to each other. With straight bond the sides of tiles form straight lines from bottom to top course. With staggered, broken or cross bond, tiles in each alternate course overlap, by half, the tiles above and below them. |
| Bonding Agent |
| A substance applied to an existing surface to create a bond between it and a succeeding layer as between a sub surface and a terrazzo topping. |
| Box Gutter |
| An internal roof gutter between the slopes of a roof or a roof and a wall that discharges water internally through a sump. |
| Broom Finish |
| The surface texture obtained by stroking a broom over freshly placed concrete. |
| Bullnose Bricks |
| 232x115x60mm Pavers rounded top edge on one short end. |
| Bunding |
| A wall of natural clay or other synthetic material or earth materials, placed at the sides of a landfill and intended to restrict the escape of waste or leachate. |
| Bush Hammer Finish |
| A finish on concrete obtained by chipping off the surface mortar. |
| Butt Joint |
| Joint between two (sheets of plasterboard) that abut (meet) at their ends or edges without overlapping. |
| Butter / Buttering |
| Spreading of adhesive over the full face of a surface before placing. |
| CSIRO |
| CSIRO is an abbreviation of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, on this site the reference is to the Division of Building, Construction and Engineering. |
| Cants |
| Bricks used at corners to give a campher finish. |
| Capillary Break |
| A groove or space left between two surfaces, large enough to prevent capillary movement of water into a building. |
| Ceiling Battens |
| A light timber member nailed to ceiling joists to which the ceiling lining is then fixed. |
| Ceiling Joist |
| The joists that carry the ceiling and also form a tie between the feet of the common rafters. |
| Cell |
| A compartment within a landfill intended for the placement of waste that has a liner and bunding to isolate it from other cell compartments and surrounding land. |
| Cement Content |
| Quantity of cement contained in a cubic metre of concrete. |
| Cement, Expansive |
| A special cement, which when mixed with water, forms a paste that tends to increase in volume at an early age used to compensate for volume decreases due to drying shrinkage. |
| Cement, High Early Strength |
| Cement characterised by producing earlier strength in concrete than regular cement. |
| Cement, Hydraulic |
| A cement that is capable of setting and hardening under water, such as normal portland cement. |
| Cement, Portland |
| Hydraulic cement obtained by combining and burning limestone and clay to form amounts of gypsum, is then ground to produce a powder. |
| Central Mixed Concrete |
| Concrete which is completely mixed in a stationary mixer before it is transported to the job. It can be transported in mixer trucks, agitators or dump type trucks. |
| Centres |
| Distance from the centre-line of one structural member/fastener and the centre-line of a corresponding member/fastene such as the spacing of studs and nails/screws etc. |
| Channel Brick |
| Used in conjunction with Midland Kerb Brick, used to channel water along roadway at driveway entrance. |
| Chute |
| A rounded trough or tube for sliding concrete from a higher to a lower point. |
| Classic Range |
| 290x90x162mm. |
| Clean Fill |
| Soil, dirt or clay that does not contain any contaminants or foreign materials such as grass, rocks, bricks. |
| Clean Rolled Joint |
| A compressed mortar joint, providing a stylish, more uniform surface to overlapping joints. |
| Cleat |
| A small piece of wood reinforcing another or used to locate positively another timber. |
| Coachhouse Bricks |
| Bricks have been 'rumbled' providing a recycled brick effect. |
| Collar Tie |
| The timber used to connect two rafters near their approximate centres. |
| Colonial Range |
| 290x90x119mm. |
| Commercial waste |
| Waste generated by commercial establishments such as office buildings, stores, markets, theatres, hotels and warehouses. |
| Composting |
| The aerobic biological decomposition of organic solid waste under controlled circumstances to a condition sufficiently stable for nuisance-free storage and for safe use in land application. |
| Compressive Strength |
| The measured maximum resistance of a concrete specimen to compressive loading expressed in megapascals (MPa). |
| Concealed Gable Flashing |
| Normally a galvanised strip with an internal lip fixed under the fibre cement verge strip and running to the gutter line. |
| Concrete |
| A composite material which consists mainly of aggregate, portland cement and water, normally weighing 2200-2300kg per cubic metre. |
| Concrete, Foamed |
| Concrete made very light and cellular by the addition of a prepared foam or by generation of gas within the unhardened mixture. |
| Concrete, Lightweight |
| Concrete made with lightweight aggregate; the unit weight of the resulting concrete is in the range of 900 to 1950kg per cubic metre. |
| Concrete, Plain (Non Reinforced) |
| Concrete not containing any steel mesh or bars. |
| Concrete, Pump |
| An apparatus which forces concrete to the placing position through a pipeline or hose. |
| Concrete, Reinforced |
| Concrete construction which contains mesh or steel bars embedded in it. |
| Construction Joint |
| A normally keyed joint formed by a bulkhead between successive placements of concrete. |
| Construction Joint (Control Joint) |
| A joint or deep groove separating concrete in a structure or pavement designed to prevent formation of cracks elsewhere in concrete. |
| Contaminated |
| An element or pollutant has soiled the material. |
| Conveyor |
| A device for moving materials; usually a continuous belt, system of buckets, a confined screw or pipe through which material is moved by air or water. |
| Core Test |
| Compression test on a concrete sample cut from hardened concrete by means of a core drill. |
| Corrosion |
| Disintegration or deterioration of concrete or reinforcement by electrolysis or by chemical attack. |
| Counter Battens |
| A batten normally fixed on top and parallel to the rafters over the ceiling lining where the ceiling lining is fixed on top of the rafters (exposed beams). Tiling battens are then fixed to the counter battens, creating an air space, allowing sarking to dish between the rafters. |
| Coursing |
| Term for one row of bricks and mortar joint. |
| Cover material |
| Soil or other material approved for use in covering waste placed in landfills. |
| Crane / Hiab |
| Device attached to truck for lifting of packs from truck to ground. |
| Craze Cracks |
| Fine, random cracks or fissures caused by shrinkage which may appear in a concrete surface within a few days of placement. |
| Creeper Rafters |
| Short rafters spanning between ridge and valley, reducing in length at the end which joins the valley rafter. |
| Cripple Creepers |
| Joins the valley rafter to the hip rafter. |
| Curing |
| Maintenance of moisture and temperature of freshly placed concrete during some definite period following placing, casting or finishing to provide enough moisture and the proper temperature level to promote continued hydration within the hardened concrete. |
| Daily cover |
| A compacted layer of soil that is placed on all exposed solid waste by the end of each day. |
| Darby |
| A hand manipulated straightedge one metre to 2.5 metres or more long, used in the early stage levelling operations of concrete finishing to supplement floating. |
| Daub (Adhesive) |
| Small amount / dollop or walnut. |
| Design & Construction Notes |
| The plasterboard and construction systems shown here are indicative only. The information describes the basic configuration of plasterboard used and validation by test or opinion. The designer/builder should not rely on this information alone to construct any of the listed plasterboard systems. Detailed design and construction data is available in the referenced Boral Plasterboard Technical Literature. Where no referenced literature or text is available, detailed information can be obtained by contacting a technical sales representative at your nearest Boral Plasterboard sales office. |
| Diagonals |
| Diagonal distances between one point and another (e.g. edge of hole to corner of square). |
| Disposal |
| The introduction of waste into the environment for the purpose of final burial, destruction or placement for future recovery. |
| Domestic waste |
| Waste arising from activities carried out in residential premises, excluding wastes discharged to sewer. |
| Door Head |
| The upper horizontal member of door frame above the top of the door. |
| Door Jamb |
| One of the two vertical side members of a door frame. |
| Dormer Cheek |
| The upright side to a dormer. |
| Dormer or Dormer Window |
| A vertical window or opening, coming through a sloping roof and usually provided with its own pitched roof. |
| Drum Speed (RPM) |
| The various rates of rotation of the drum of the mixer when used for charging, mixing, agitating or discharging. These various drum speeds are usually outlined on the mixer rating plate. |
| Drying Shrinkage |
| Contraction caused by moisture loss from hardened concrete sometimes resulting in cracks in the concrete occurring days, weeks, or months after placement. |
| Dusting |
| A defect in a slab surface; the powdering of the surface under foot or vehicle traffic. Usually caused by overtrowelling wet concrete. |
| Dutch Gable |
| A roof having a gable near the ridge and the lower part hipped. |
| Eave or Eaves |
| The lowest overhanging part of a sloping roof which projects beyond the external wall. |
| Eaves Fascia |
| A board on edge fixed along the feet of the rafters. It often carries the eaves gutter along the eaves. |
| Efflorescence |
| A deposit of salts, usually white, formed on a surface, the substance having emerged from below carried by water vapour. |
| Efflorescence |
| White Powdery deposit that forms on the face of porous building materials. |
| Entrained Air |
| Microscopic small air bubbles intentionally incorporated in concrete during mixing to improve durability and workability. |
| Entrapped Air |
| Large air voids in concrete which are not purposely entrained; generally larger than 1mm and are usually due to incomplete consolidation. |
| Expansion Joint |
| A separation in the concrete filled with compressible material to allow room for the expansion of the concrete in hot weather or movement due to other causes. |
| Facade |
| The face or front of a building normally of steep elevation. |
| Face Bricks |
| Bricks for external use with specific colour and texture. |
| Fall |
| The slope or pitch of a roof or gutter. |
| False Set |
| Premature stiffening of freshly mixed portland cement concrete. Plasticity can usually be regained by further mixing with no additional water. |
| Fascia Board |
| A wide board set vertically on edge, fixed to the rafter ends or wall plate or wall. It carries the gutter. |
| Feather |
| To taper in thickness across the width, make gradually thinner. |
| Field Cured Cylinders |
| Test cylinders cured as nearly as practicable in the same manner as the concrete in the structure to inducate the in-place concrete strength. (Not to be confused with standard cylinder tests in which cylinders are cured at the lab). |
| Finial |
| Usually a pointed ornament at the top of a gable, hip junctions and dutch gables. |
| Fire Resistance Ratings |
| A fire rating is assigned to a system following the performance of the system under the conditions of a full scale fire test, carried out by a recognised testing authority, e.g. the National Building Technology Centre. The fire test ascertains the ability of the specimen to reach "Fire-resistance Levels" (F.R.L.s), measured in minutes befors failure is declared, as specified in the Building Code of Australia. This specifies the performance of fire tested specimens measured for each of the following design criteria: i. Structural Adequacy The specimen is considered to have failed when unable to carry its load. ii. Integrity The specimen is considered to have failed when cracks and openings develop allowing passage for flames and or hot gases. iii. Insulation The specimen is considered to have failed the insulation criteria when the average temperature of the unexposed surface of specimen increases to more than 140oc from the initial temperature, or the temperature noted at any point on the unexposed surface increases to 180oc or more above the initial temperature. |
| Fire Wall |
| A wall which divides a building to resist the spread of fire. A fire resistant sealer is required between the top of the fire wall and the roofing materials, unlike a parapet wall which rises through the roof. |
| Flapping |
| A noise caused by wind passing over a tile roof making sarking flap against the underside of the batten and tile. Anti-flap pads can be used to overcome this problem. |
| Flash Set |
| The rapid development of rigidity in freshly mixed portland cement concrete, usually building up considerable heat. Rigidity cannot be dispelled nor can the plasticity be regained by further mixing without addition of water. |
| Flashing |
| A strip of impervious flexible metal, such as lead, which excludes water from the junction between a roof covering and another surface usually vertical. |
| Flexural Strength |
| The ability of concrete to withstand bending measured by breaking a test beam. |
| Float |
| A tool , usually of wood, aluminium or magnesium, used in finishing operations to impart a relative even (but not smooth) texture to a fresh concrete surface immediately after placement and strike off. |
| Flush Joint |
| Classic mortar finish where the mortar is smoothed off flush with the brick face. |
| Flyash |
| The fine ash resulting from the burning of powdered coal in electric utility plants, sometime used as a mineral admixture. |
| Frame |
| A structural framework of two or more members joined together so as to be stable. |
| Framing |
| Almost all structures will deflect during service. Partition designers should be aware of the expected deflections of the building structures as they affect partitions. These deflections may be due to both dead and live loadings. Non-loadbearing partitions are not designed to take any axial loading due to building deflection. In fire-rated steel stud walls, thermal expansion of studs up to 5mm/M should be expected during fire service. Stud shortening due to thermal blowing may reduce the expansion especially in thinner walls. Stud framing should be with the base of the stud hard into the botton track. For ceiling systems, specifiers should be aware of the likelihood of frame movement due to structural, thermal, seasoning etc. effects on direct fixed plasterboard ceilings. Where necessary specify a furred system to minimise the risk of ceiling damage due to these effects. Ceilings are not designed for human access or for construction/maintenance loadings. Designers should make due allowances for these effects in considering deflection head requirements, and where necessary refer to Boral Plasterboard Sales Offices for further information in this regard. Standard partition head details should accommodate normal deflections encountered. |
| Gable Roof |
| A roof where two sloping planes join creating a gable end at one or both ends. |
| Gable Splayed |
| The gable that does not run parallel with the roof slope and runs at an angle from an extended ridge. |
| Gable or Gable End |
| The triangular part of the end wall of a building with a sloping roof. |
| Gauge |
| The distance between the roof tile battens. |
| Gauge |
| Standard measure in millimetres (mm) for the thickness of a metal sheet/nail/screw etc. |
| Gauge Stick |
| A stick made from straight batten approximately 1800 mm long, marked by saw cuts at the correct gauge or set out for the tiles being used. |
| Georgian Range |
| 230x110x50mm. |
| Glaze |
| A glass fired onto the surface of terracotta tiles to provide various colours. |
| Groover (Jointing Tool) |
| A tool used to form grooves or weakened lane joints in a concrete slab before hardening to control crack location. |
| Gross Vehicle Load |
| The weight of a vehicle plus the weight of a load thereon. |
| Groundwater |
| Water below the ground surface in a zone of saturation. |
| Grout |
| A mixture of cement and water with perhaps some fine material used to fill cracks and voids in concrete or to prime concrete pumps. |
| Gutter |
Any form of roof water channel, viz:
|
| Hairline Cracking (Crazing) |
| Small cracks of random pattern in a concrete surface caused by too rapid surface drying. |
| Hardener |
| A chemical applied to concrete floors to reduce wearing and dusting. |
| Herringbone Pattern |
| Pavers laid in a pattern at 45 or 90 degree angle to each other. |
| High Early Strength Concrete |
| Concrete which, through the use of high-early-strength cement or admixture, is capable of attaining specified strength at an earlier age than normal concrete. |
| High-Wind Area |
| Areas in which the basic design and wind velocity, modified for terrain and height in accordance with AS 1170.2, is not less that 33 m/s. Refer also Appendix A, AS 2050-1995. |
| Hip |
| The edge formed by the meeting of two pitched roof surfaces. |
| Hip Board |
| The board, set on edge, at which the hip rafters meet. |
| Hip Capping (Ridging) |
| A shaped capping on hips to prevent water penetration. |
| Hip End |
| The sloping triangular end of a hipped roof. |
| Hipped Roof |
| A roof which has four slopes instead of the two slopes of the ordinary gabled roof. The shorter sides are roofed with small sloping triangles, called the hipped (hip) ends, which are bounded by two hips above (meeting at the ridge) and eave below. Normally the eaves area at the same level all round. |
| Inert waste |
| Discarded waste without active chemical or biological properties. |
| Insulation |
| Insulation for thermal or acoustic reasons may be placed into the partition cavity. The following is a list of permissible insulation materials, that will not adversely affect the F.R.L. Foil-backed Sarking, batt, blanket or loose Rockwool or Ceramic Fibre :- No restriction. Batt, blanket or loose fibreglass :- Any density or thickness, but no greater than 10% binder. Batt, blanket or loose Polyster, or Polyurethane sheet foam (with or without vinyl laminate) :- Any thickness but density within 20% of tested value. Cellulose Fibre, batt, blanket, or loose wool :- Any thickness but density not less than a tested system. |
| Jack Rafter |
| The rafters are shorter than the common rafters and cut against the hip or valley rafters. |
| Joint (Plasterboard) |
| Junction/join between two sheets of material. |
| Joist (Ceiling) |
| Beam spanning between walls or other supports that carry the ceiling below it, but not the floor above. |
| Kerb Brick |
| Used in conjunction with Midland Channel Brick, used to create small ramp from road to driveway surface. |
| Landfill |
| A waste disposal site used for the controlled deposit of solid wastes on to or into the land. |
| Landfill gas |
| Gases arising from the breakdown of biodegradable wastes in a landfill, with methane and carbon dioxide being major constituents. |
| Lap |
| The distance by which one course of tiles overlaps the course below. |
| Leachate |
| Any liquid, and suspended material which it contains, which has percolated through or drained from a landfill site. |
| Leachate pond |
| specially lined pond used to store leachate. |
| Leachate sump |
| Where the leachate accumulates before it is pumped into the leachate pond. |
| Licence |
| Specifies the EPA requirements for the operation of a site such as limits on the amount and types of waste to be discharged and other conditions designed to minimise the environmental effect of the process. |
| Lifts |
| Roofing trade term for stacks of tiles around the roofs. |
| Limiting Heights |
| Limiting Heights listed for fire-rated steel stud partitions are the lesser of maximum fire heights and structural heights for a given wall configuration and stated lateral pressure. Maximum fire heights were derived from full scale tests carried out by CSIRO, BHP, BTL (BRANZ) and from fire engineering principles. Limiting structural heights have been obtained by computation and from extensive mechanical testing. These heights meet the requirements of the Building COde of Australia and have been certified by Engineers Wynton Stone International Pty. Ltd.. The Building Code of Australia C1.1 stipulates instances for a ceiling system to be resistant to the incipient spread of fire. This requirement determines the ability of the ceiling to provide a period of thermal insulation to combustible materials within the ceiling plenum, avoiding the danger of them igniting. Many of the ceiling systems shown here carry a resistance rating to the incipient spread of fire, and can be found noted alongside the construction description. |
| Lined Parget |
| Scribed lines are used to define bricks for a traditional Limestone look. |
| Liner |
| A continuous layer of synthetic material or natural clay or earth materials, placed beneath and at the sides of a landfill and intended to restrict the downward or lateral escape of waste or leachate or in some cases to restrict the upward movement of groundwater into the landfill. |
| Lining (Wall Lining) |
| Lining material covering the interior walls and/or inner framework of a building. |
| Lintels |
| Clay Fastwall bricks filled with concrete used over doorways and windows for extra support. |
| Litter screens |
| Movable or fixed netting screens placed around a landfill site to assist with the capture of airborne litter. |
| Loading |
| The fixing, as specified by the tiling manufacturer, of sarking, battens, tiles and accessories shall be sufficient for the completed roof to withstand the loading requirements of AS 1170.1 and AS 1170.2. |
| Low Level Contaminated Soil |
| Soil that exceeds the requirements of Table 2 but not the requirements of Table 3 according to EPA Publication 448. |
| Mansard Roof |
| A roof structure with two pitches, one a steep pitch and one a low pitch on each side of the ridge line. The steep pitch commences at the eaves, and intersects with the lower pitch which finished at the ridge. Tiles on the lower pitch overhang the steeper pitch by a slight margin. |
| Mexi Finish |
| Brick with rough wirecut finish. |
| Mitre (Joint) |
| Diagonal joint between two members (cornice/timber) of identical cross-section that are placed at an angle to each other. |
| Mitre Box |
| Three-sided timber box with pre-cut mitre angles to assist in cutting accurate mitres. |
| Mitred Hips/Valleys |
| Cut tiles on hips or valleys forming a true and straight line where the cut tiles join on each slope. |
| Mixer Capacity |
| The volume of concrete permitted to be mixed or carried in a particular mixer or agitator. |
| Monitor |
| Observe change by making periodic measurements or assessments. |
| Mortar |
| Usually consisting of cement, water and sand; no coarse aggregate. |
| Mortar |
| Composition of sand and cement for fixing ridge capping on hips and ridges. |
| Mottle |
| The phrase used to lay various coloured tiles at a consistent percentage throughout the roof. |
| Moulding |
| A long, narrow strip of trim material used for decorative and functional purposes. |
| Municipal waste |
| Waste originating from council waste collection services. |
| Nagging |
| Short pieces of timber nailed between studs in a wall to stiffen the structure. |
| Natural Joint Finish |
| A rustic look where mortar is flush with the brick face but left in a natural state. |
| Nogging |
| Short horizontal strut fixed between studs or joists in framed construction to provide additional support and intermediate fixing points for the covering material. |
| Nucote |
| A clay brick finishing system similar to Pastelcote best described as a cross between a bagged and a rendered finish. |
| Packing (Piece) |
| A timber batten or strip placed between a structural member and the facing material (plasterboard) to maintain a level surface. |
| Parapet Wall |
| Usually a brick or timber structure rising above the roof line. |
| Pastelcote |
| Is a complete system including bricks, mortar, laying technique and finishing coat. |
| Picking Up |
| The term used when the tiler is trowelling off any excess mortar that may overhang the ridge capping after bedding. |
| Pile |
| A long slender timber, concrete or steel structural element driven, jetted or otherwise embedded on end in the ground for the purpose of supporting a load or of compacting the soil. |
| Pitch |
| The ratio of the height to the span of a roof, or its angle of inclination to the horizontal. |
| Plasterboard |
| The systems published on these internet pages are valid when constructed using the stated Boral Plasterboards only, i.e. Boral Standard Core, Firestop, Wet Area or Wet Area Firestop. Fastening should be of the same type and at centres no greater than detailed for the systems. |
| Plastic Shrinkage Cracks |
| Cracks which appear in fresh concrete during or just after finishing. They are often at an angle to side forms but parallel to each other. |
| Plinth Stretchers |
| A one course sill brick with the slope on the long side. |
| Pointing |
| A mixture of clean sand, cement and oxide colouring or a pre-mixed flexible material used for the completion of joints between ridge or hips and with roof tiles or tiles at gable ends. |
| Prescribed waste |
| A waste type as described by regulations 6 and 7 of the Environment Protection (Prescribed Waste) Regulations 1998. |
| Profile |
| The end elevation or cross section of the tile to indicate shape and design of the tile. |
| Purlin |
| A horizontal beam in a roof, at right angles to the principal rafters or trusses. It carries the common rafters if there are any. |
| Putrescible |
| Organic matter which has the potential to decompose. |
| RMIT |
| RMIT is an abbreviation of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. |
| Rafter |
| A sloping timber extending from the eave to the ridge of a roof. |
| Rake |
| The roofs angle of inclination from the horizontal. |
| Recycling |
| A resource recovery method involving the collection and processing of a waste product for use as a raw material. |
| Remediation |
| Actions taken to remove, eliminate, limit, correct, counteract or mitigate the negative effects on human health or the environment of a release or threatened release of one or more contaminants into the environment. |
| Reveal |
| The visible part of each side of a door or window opening not covered by the frame / or the recess between the frame and the face of the wall. |
| Reveal Strip |
| Strip of material that covers the reveal. |
| Ridge |
| The apex of a roof, usually a horizontal line. |
| Ridge Board |
| The horizontal board set on edge, at which the rafters meet. |
| Ridge Capping |
| A covering over a ridge line either "V" shaped or arched (rounded). This is generally a specifically made tile used for both the ridge and hips of a roof. |
| Ridge Connecting Tile |
| The last tile before the ridge when using a ventilated ridge system. |
| Roof |
| A covering to protect a building from the elements. |
| Roof Tile |
| A concrete or terracotta product used to form the field of the roof. |
| Rough Parget |
| Mortar joint creating the effect of limestone. |
| Rubberd Finish |
| A finish obtained by using an abrasive to remove surface irregularities from concrete walls or columns. |
| SChmidt Hammer (Trade Name), Swiss Hammer, or Rebound Hammer |
| A device used to estimate the compressive strength of hardened concrete by measuring surface hardness. Screed Ð a tool for striking off the concrete surface. |
| SI |
| SI is an abbreviation of Sponsored Investigation. |
| STC |
| STC is an abbreviation of Sound Transmission Class. |
| Salvaging |
| The removal of any potentially recyclable material from a landfill site prior to waste placement for possible recovery and recycling. |
| Sarking |
| Reflective foil fixed under the tile battens and conforming to AS/NZS 4200-1-2-1994. |
| Sawtooth |
| The roof structure which is vertical on one side with a slope from the ridge line on the other. |
| Scavenging |
| The uncontrolled removal of material from a landfill site. |
| Score/Scoring |
| Make notches, cuts or grooves across a material to remove or roughen the surface for decorative purposes. |
| Scribe Board |
| A type of barge board shaped to the same profile formed by the under surface of tiles, overhanging a gable end. The tiles which overhang are pointed up on interlocking joints. |
| Secret Gutter |
| A gutter usually Fixed against a wall adjoining the roof slopes, concealed by the roof covering and vertical wall flashing, then spilling into an eaves gutter. |
| Segregation |
| a) separation of the coarse aggregate from the mortar portion of the concrete; b) improper balance of the aggregate sizes from stockpiles or bins resulting in stony or sandy mixes. |
| SelectaCAD Computer Software |
| The plasterboard systems published here can also be referenced electronically in SelectaCAD, Boral Plasterboards disk based product catalogue. This medium allows the user to rapidly view on computer plasterboard construction systems and associated building details. SelectaCAD has been designed to cater for the needs of CAD users and non-CAD users (plasterboard contractors, building inspectors, etc.). The non CAD version of the software is a DOS based progtam providing the user with the ability to view and plot screens. The CAD version of the software provides the user with the ability to import any of the SelectaCAD construction details to his or her own drawing in addition to view and plot facilities. Further information on SelectaCAD is available on this web site, in addition, a free sample of the program can be downloaded free from this site. |
| Sheathing |
| A close boarding or other material, nailed to the Framework of wall or roof referred to as sheeting. |
| Shrink-Mixed Concrete |
| Concrete which is partially mixed in a plant mixer to intermingle the materials and observe consistency; it is then discharged into a truck mixer where mixing is completed. |
| Sills |
| One, two or three course brick that stands on end with a slope on the top. |
| Skillion |
| Term for low pitched roof continuing from the main slope or running off a wall. |
| Skim Coat |
| Second to last coat (usually finishing coat) in plaster application. A small amount that is thinly/lightly applied. |
| Skirting (Board) |
| Horizontal trim made from timber and fixed along the base of an internal wall where it meets the floor, to cover the joint and protect the wall surface from knocks. |
| Skylight |
| A glazed window or translucent roof section fitted parallel to the roof slope to admit light. |
| Slump |
| A measure of consistency or wetness of freshly mixed concrete. |
| Slurry |
| A wet mixture of water and portland cement; usually containing no aggregate. |
| Smooth Face |
| Bricks with a smooth, flat finish. |
| Soaker |
| A concealed flashing under tiles, slates etc, or mitred hips and parapet walls, shaped and fixed to discharge water on the tile or slate of the course below. |
| Soffit |
| The lining fixed under the eaves between the fascia board and external wall. |
| Soffit Bearer |
| Timbers used to support the soffit. |
| Soldier Course |
| Pavers or bricks laid with the long sides together. |
| Soldiers |
| Two or three course bricks that stand on end. |
| Spalling |
| A chipping or peeling off of concrete surface or corners. |
| Springing Line |
| The horizontal line (point) from which an arch rises (or springs), curving both inwards and upwards, from the walls on either side. |
| Squints |
| Used on corners of 45 degrees available in internal and external profiles (eg bay windows). |
| Staggered Bond |
| The method of laying tiles whereby the vertical joint of every tile is laid to overlap with a half bond of the tiles in the course below. |
| Starter/Shell End |
| The first hip cap at the lowest point of the hip line. |
| Steel Battens |
| Steel battens shall be designed in accordance with AS 1538. Theyshall be manufactured of galvanised steel, of at least commercial grade, with a corrosion-resistant coating of a minimum of 300 g/m of zinc. |
| Straight Bond |
| Where tiles are not staggered, but are laid directly on top of the tile in the course below, so the vertical joints form one straight line up the slope of the roof. |
| Stretcher Bond |
| Bricks and pavers laid short sides end to end. |
| Structural Design |
| As required by the relevant Australian design codes, walls must be checked against dead, live, and wind loads etc. for structural adequacy independently from the fire design. |
| Stud |
| A vertical wall support. |
| Stud (Wall Stud) |
| Vertical structural member in a framed wall of a building to which the lining material is fixed. |
| Surface water |
| Lakes, bays, gulfs, ponds, impounding reservoirs, perennial or ephemeral streams and springs, rivers, creeks, estuaries, marshes, inlets, the ocean but excluding groundwater or on-site water management channels. |
| Swirl Finish |
| A nonskid curving texture imparted to a concrete surface during final finishing. |
| TE-FIRTO |
| Technical Evaluation by The Loss Prevention Council U.K. |
| TR |
| TR is an abbreviation of Technical Record Fill. |
| Tile Clip |
| Specially formed metal fastening used to secure tiles to supporting members. |
| Tilting Batten |
| Serves the same purpose as bellcast batten. |
| Timber Partition Systems |
| The timber systems listed on these web pages must be constructed as described. However, the following is a list of permissible variations that may be applied to these systems :- The timber sections used must be :- a) Untreated, except where a treated timber's charring rate is proven to be less by fire testing. b) Of the same stress grade or higher. c) Of the same section or deeper, and / or wider. d) Of the same or average higher density. Studs or noggin may be paired, or installed at closer centres than shown (Acoustic considerations may limit the stud centres). Cladding or lining, including timber, can be applied to one or both sides of a timber wall without reducing its fire resistance providing the cladding/lining materials have an ignition temperature in excess of 140oC, and the additional loads imposed are taken into consideration, as with all materials, clad plasterboard exterior timber framed fire separation walls will require careful detailing to avoid problems from moisture effects. Flat strap or sheet bracing may be used in timber framed walls without affecting the FRL or design capacity of the system provided the studs remain un-notched. "Speed brace" flattened over the studs before lining may be used to nog staggered stud walls. Top plates in timber framed walls should be designed where dead and - or live loads are applied more than 1.5 x plate depth from the stud. Charfactor Tables provided for the purpose of assisting the designer in the selection of the appropriate timber partition sizes to meet the fire-rating requirements of the Building Code of Australia. Many of the timber stud partition systems shown here have been assigned a Charfactor Number. This number is used to select the appropriate table from a set of CHARFACTOR TABLES where the correct stud height, grade, or loading can be obtained. The loading refers to the applied dead plus live loadon the stud as determined by permissible stress methods. Reference to these tables makes possible the selection of timber systems with varying structural attributes that meet the fire-rating requirements of the Building Code of Australia. Charfactor numbers were derived from joint studies carried out by CSIRO and BTL (BRANZ), to develop a method of determini ng the expected fire performance of timber systems by extrapolation from existing test data. The methods used to derive these Charfactor numbers are detailed in CSIRO and BTL (BRANZ) technical report No. 93/5. |
| Top Plate |
| The horizontal timber above a wall on which the truss or rafter sits. |
| Topping |
| a) a layer of high quality concrete placed to form a floor surface on a concrete base, or b) a dry shake application of a special material to produce particular surface characteristics. |
| Tractor |
| Forklift used to unload bricks off truck onto site. |
| Truck-Mixed Concrete |
| Concrete, the mixing of which is accomplished in a truck mixer. |
| Truss Roofs |
| A self supporting structural timber framework of triangular shaped members. Usually prefabricated and delivered to job site. This type of construction is commonly used in all types of roofs. |
| U of C |
| U of C is an abbreviation of University of California. |
| Upright Work |
| Tiling carried out on a roof pitched close to vertical, normally on a facade front, or a mansard roof. |
| Valley |
| The intersection between two sloping surfaces of a roof, towards which water flows, the opposite of a hip. |
| Valley Batten |
| A tiling batten fixed parallel to each side of the valley board. It must be fixed on all valleys when the roof is sarked. |
| Valley Iron |
| A "V" shaped galvanised sheet lipped on each outside edge and formed to fit into the angle of the valley structure. |
| Vanadium |
| Green or yellow staining on brickwork; trace constituent of some clays and fuels. |
| Vent |
| Any pipe or tube protruding through the roof covering, normally circular in shape. |
| Vents |
| One or Two course ventilation brick. |
| Verge |
| The edge of a sloping roof which overhangs a gable. |
| Vibrated Concrete |
| Concrete compacted by vibration during and after placing. |
| Wall Plate |
| Horizontal timber member placed on top of a stone/concrete wall to support timber framed construction. |
| Water table |
| The upper limit of the portion of ground saturated with water. |
| Weephole |
| A small hole inserted in the ridge bedding and pointing mortar at the water channel of the tile for draining purposes. |
| Weighbridge |
| A weighing mechanism for vehicles specifically for determining the weight of their loads. |
| Works approval |
| Permits work to be undertaken which will result in a discharge of waste to the environment or an increase in, or alteration to, an existing discharge, or a change in the way waste is treated or a change in the way waste is stored. |
| Z Flashing |
| Normally a galvanised strip with an internal lip fixed under the fibre cement verge strip and run into the gutter line. |
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